ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ:ပညာရမျာင်ဂျာမာန်

German consonant pronunciation
IPA Examples English approximation
// Ball ball
// ich, durch hue
// dann done
// Dschungel jungle
// Fass, Vogel fuss
// Gast guest
// hat hut
// ja yard
// kalt, Tag cold
// Last last
// Mast must
// Naht not
// lang long
// Pakt, hab puck
// Pfahl cupfull
// Rast like a French R
(a voiced uvular fricative)[၁]
// Wasser fast
// Schal, Stein shall
// Tal tall
// Zahl cats
// Matsch match
// was vanish
//: [], [] Bach[၂] loch (Scottish)
// Hase[၃] hose
// Genie beige, measure
[] Beamter[၄]
([bəˈʔamtɐ])
the glottal stop in uh-oh!
Stress
Bahnhof
([ˈbaːnˌhoːf])
as in battleship [ˈbætəlˌʃɪp]
German vowel pronunciation
IPA Examples English approximation
Monophthongs
// Dach bra (but shorter)
// Bahn bra
// Beet face
// Bett, hätte bed
// wähle[၅] as above but longer; like RP English barely
// viel meet
// bist sit
// Boot somewhat like bone
// Post boss
// Öl somewhat like hurl; French deux
// göttlich close to hurt or French sœur
// Hut true
// Putz took
// Rübe French rue
// füllt much like the above but shorter
Diphthongs
/aɪ̯/ weit tie
/aʊ̯/ Haut how
/ɔɪ̯/ Heu, Räuber[၆] boy
Reduced vowels
// Ober[၇] fun
// halte comma
Semivowels
/ɐ̯/ Uhr uh
/i̯/ Studie magnolia
/u̯/ aktuell visual
/y̯/ Libyen French huit
Unstressed full vowels
// Methan (short [eː])
// vital city (short [iː])
// Moral (short [oː])
// Ökonom (short [øː])
// kulant virtue (short [uː])
// Psychologie (short [yː])
  1. In free variation with [ʀ] and also — in Switzerland, Bavaria, and Austria — the voiced alveolar trill [r]. Compare /ɐ/.
  2. /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after [a], [aː], and often [ʊ], [ɔ], and [aʊ].
  3. Predominantly realized as [z̥] (devoiced) or [s] (voiceless) in southern regions (Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria).
  4. The presence or absence of [ʔ] is not phonemic. In most standard varieties of German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ]. However, this does not generally hold true for Swiss Standard German and most colloquial varieties.
  5. [ɛː] is often replaced by [eː], chiefly in northern and eastern Germany.
  6. Some references transcribe this diphthong as /ɔʏ/.
  7. Compare /ʁ/.